Apparatus for opening film cassettes

ABSTRACT

Apparatus for opening plastic housings of film cassettes comprises a support which can hold a housing in a predetermined position, a tool having a cutting edge which is movable against and penetrates into the housing to produce therein a crack, and means for thereupon moving the tool with reference to the housing or vice versa so that the crack is propagated until the housing is sufficiently opened to permit evacuation of the reel which carries exposed film.

United States Patent Inventors Fridolin l-lennig;

Hans-Jurgen Kellner; Klaus Potz; Christian Gotze, Munich, Germany Appl. No. 792,288

Filed Jan. 21, 1969 Patented May 25, 1971 Assignee AGFA-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Leverkusen, Germany Priority Jan. 19, 1968, Sept. 14, 1968 Germany P 16 22 303.3 and? 17 97 336.3

APPARATUS FOR OPENING FILM CASSETTES 22 Claims, 10 Drawing Figs.

U.S. Cl 225/96.5, 225/ 1 03 Int. Cl B261 3/00 Field of Search 225/1, 2,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,265,263 8/1966 Lafontant et a1. 225/95X 3,411,682 11/1968 Leader et al 225/93 3,494,519 2/1970 Koehler 225/93 Primary Examiner-Frank T. Yost Attorney-Michael S. Striker ABSTRACT: Apparatus for opening plastic housings of film cassettes comprises a support which can hold a housing in a predetermined position, a tool having a cutting edge which is movable against and penetrates into the housing to produce therein a crack, and means for thereupon moving the tool with reference to the housing or vice versa so that the crack is propagated until the housing is sufficiently opened to permit evacuation of the reel which carries exposed film.

PATENTED NAY25|971 3580,4453

sum 1 or e IN V EN TOR.

FRIDOLIN HENNIG HANS-JURQEN KELLNER KLA PLO CHR AN ZE %-j (f f/u 1 Horme PATENT-En HAY25 l97| 3; 580 .443

' sum 2 OF 6 IN V EN TOR.

FRIDOLIN HENNIG HANS-JURQEN KELLNER KLAUS PLOT; CHRISTIAN GOTZE PATENTED was IBTI 3; 580 .443

SHEET 3 0F 6 INVENTOR.

FRIDOLIN HENNIG HANS-JURGEN KELLNER KLAUS PLOT; CHRISTIAN GOTZE PATENTEU W25 I87! IN V EN TOR.

FRIDOLIN HENNI HANS -JUR G EN LNER KLAUS PLOT; CHRISTIAN GOTZE PATENTEDHAY25I97I 3580,4 13

INVENTOR.

FRIDOUN HENNIG HANS-JURQEN KELLNER KLAUS PLOT; CHRISTIAN GOTZE PATENTEU was I97! SHEET 5 (IF 6 Fig.9

Ns-JU N LNER E KLAUS PLOT; CHRISTIAN GOTZE APPARATUS FOR OPENING FILM CASSE'I'IES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to apparatus for treating magazines or cassettes which contain roll film, and more particularly to improvements in apparatus for opening disposable cassettes for exposed film. Still more particularly, the invention relates to apparatus which are especially suited for opening plastic housings of cassettes wherein a supply portion of the housing is connected with a takeup portion by a hollow intermediate portion. Such cassettes are known as Filmpaks and are used in many recent types of still cameras.

British Pat. No. 1,041,171 discloses a cassette-opening device wherein the cassette is mounted on a spindle and is thereupon subject to deforming stresses until its housing breaks sufficiently to permit removal of the film-carrying reel. The patented device is designed to break the housing into two halves which fall away from the reel. A drawback of the just described proposal is that the plastic housing is likely to splinter whereby the fragments of plastic material can damage the exposed film. Another drawback of the above proposal is that there is no provision for application of identifying tabs to the films which are accessible upon destruction of the housing. Such tabs are normally provided with numbers which identify the customers and must be transferred from the plastic housing onto the film to avoid mixups when the prints are to be shipped back to customers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of our invention is to provide an apparatus which can break or otherwise open the housing of a film-containing cassette in a predictable way and without splintering.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which can be manipulated by hand or by a motor and which can be used for opening of different types and/or sizes of cassettes.

A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which can properly retain the film-supporting reel subsequent to opening of the housing of the cassette so that the film can be readily detached from the reel and/or spliced to a preceding film prior to transport through a developing or other filmprocessing machine.

An additional object of the invention is to provide an opening apparatus which is constructed in such a way that the operator can readily locate, remove and transfer the identifying tab from the housing to the film which becomes accessible upon opening of the housing.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a device which can be used conjointly with the improved opening apparatus or with other types of opening apparatus to permit accurate application of identifying tabs to leading ends of films which become accessible upon opening of housings of the respective cassettes.

Another object of the invention is to provide an opening apparatus which can be constructed as a permanently installed or as a portable unit and which can be readily manipulated by attendants in total darkness.

An ancillary object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which is designed in such a way that the parts the housing can be readily intercepted after opening and that the reel which is exposed upon opening of the housing is automatically retained during separation of film therefrom as well as automatically ejected in desired direction in response to insertion of a fresh cassette.

A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which treats the film gently and prevents damage to the film, either by parts of the opened housing or by parts of the apparatus proper.

An additional object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which can be manipulated by persons having little technical skill.

The improved apparatus is particularly suited for opening of cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of the portions contains a reel with convoluted exposed film which must be removed for introduction into a developing machine. The apparatus comprises support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position, and opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion (e.g., the cutting edge of a chisel) and actuating means operative to effect relative movement between the tool and the support means so that the cutting portion of the tool penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in predetermined position. The actuating means further comprises means for moving the tool with reference to the thus cracked housing and/or vice versa so that the cutting edge remains in engagement with the housing and causes propagation of the crack until the housing is broken sufi'rciently to permit removal of or access to the reel therein.

The cutting portion of the tool can be rotated with reference to the housing about a fixed axis subsequent to partial penetration into the housing, or the housing can be pivoted by an actuating member about the axis of its reel while the housing is engaged by the cutting portion.

The apparatus may further comprise or it may be combined with or used in conjunction with an applicator which can insure attachment of customary adhesive-coated markers or tabs with customer numbers to predetermined portions of successively removed films.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The improved opening apparatus itself, however, both as to its construction and its mode of operation, together with additional features and advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of certain specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of a first opening apparatus showing the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position prior to cracking;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the apparatus in starting position;

FIG. 3 is a similar front elevational view of the apparatus in an intermediate position subsequent to initial cracking of the housing;

FIG. 4 is a similar fragmentary front elevational view of the apparatus in a further position upon completed opening of the housing;

FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the opened housing;

FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view substantially as seen in the direction of arrows from the line VI-VI of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary top plan view of a second opening apparatus, with certain parts shown in section;

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view as seen in the direction of arrows from the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary top plan view of an applicator which can be used to attach identifying tabs to predetermined portions of successive exposed films; and

FIG. 10 is a fragmentary transverse vertical sectional view as seen in the direction of arrows from the line X-X of FIG. 9.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 6, there is shown an apparatus for opening film cassettes 15 of the type known as Filmpaks. As best shown in FIG. 1, the housing of the cassette 15 comprises a supply portion 15a, a takeup portion 15b and a hollow intermediate part or web 15c. FIGS. 2 and 6 show that the apparatus comprises a frame including an upright wall 1 which supports a vertically reciprocable toothed rack 3 forming part of a manually or motorically operated drive of the opening means in our apparatus. The direction in which the rack 3 must be movedagainst the opposition of a return spring 3a is indicated by arrow 2. For example, the rack 3 can be moved downwardly, as viewed in FIG. 2, by hand, by a foot pedal 3b, or by another suitable operator-controlled member. The teeth of the rack 3 mesh with the teeth of a pinion 4 which is rotatable about the axis of a horizontal shaft 5 joumaled in the wall 1. The shaft 5 is provided with an eccentric 6 which shares rotary movements of the pinion 4. The latter is rigid or integral with a disc-shaped driving member 7 which is provided with an eccentric pin 8. The shaft 5 further carries a large disc-shaped holder or wheel 9 which is rotatable thereon and has a radial projection 9a which normally abuts against a stop 10 on the wall 1 under the action of return spring 3a. The holder or wheel 9 is further provided with an arcuate slot 9b whose center of curvature is located on the axis of the shaft 5 and which accommodates the eccentric pin 8 of the disc 7. The slot 9b extends along an arc of substantially 90.

The wheel 9 serves as a holder for a diametrically extending reciprocable slide or carriage 12 having longitudinally extending slots 12a for guide pins 11 of the wheel 9. The central portion of the carriage 12 has a transversely extending slot 12!; for the eccentric 6 of the shaft 5. The left-hand end portion of the carriage 12 is provided with or attached to a movable cassette opening tool here shown as a chisel 13.

A support 14 in the form of a table or platform 14 is installed in the frame of the opening apparatus in front of the wall 1 and is preferably adjustable up and down and/or sideways with reference to the remainder of the frame. This platform 14 serves to support a cassette 15 in a predetermined position and is provided with a recess 14a (see particularly FIG. 1) which can accommodate the portion 15a of a cassette 15 so that the latter is located in front of the carriage 12. The recess 14a accommodates the supply portion 15a of the cassette 15 in such a way that the latter cannot turn in the platform 14 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 2. The platform 14 or the wall 1 is further provided with an axially movable spindle 16 (FIG. 1) which can enter the central bore of the reel 15d in the takeup portion 15b of a properly installed cassette 15. The housing of the cassette 15 consists of synthetic plastic material and its parts are united along a welded seam l5e which extends transversely of the housing and is adjacent to the reel 15d. When the spindle 16 extends into the bore of the reel 15d, the seam 152 is in registry with the cutting edge of the chisel 13.

The operation:

The supply portion 15a of the housing of a cassette 15 is inserted into'the recess 14a of the platform 14 when the rack 3 assumes its upper end position so that the projection 9a of the holder or wheel 9 bears against the stop 10 and the eccentric pin 8 is located at the left-hand end of the slot 9b (FIG. 2). The chisel 13 is then spaced from the seam l5e so that it does not interfere with insertion of the cassette. The operator thereupon depresses the pedal 3b to move the rack 3 in the direction indicated by arrow 2 and to rotate the shaft 5 by way of the pinion 4. The eccentric 6 causes the carriage 12 to move in a direction to the left, as viewed in FIG. 2 (see the arrow 20), and to assume the position shown in FIG. 3 whereby the cutting edge of the chisel 13 penetrates into the seam l5e and cracks the housing of the cassette 15 along the seam. During such rightward movement of the carriage 12, the pin 8 of the driving disc 7 travels along and toward the righthand end of the slot 9b while the wheel 9 remains at a standstill. The operator continues to depress the pedal 3b so that the pin 8 begins to rotate the wheel 9 about the axis of the shaft 5 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 3, and to the position shown in FIG. 4. The wheel 9 rotates the carriage 12 which causes its chisel 13 to break open the housing of the cassette 15 by causing the crack in theseam l5e to propagate itself in the intermediate part 15c toward the supply portion 150 (see FIGS. 4 and 5). The housing of the cassette 15 can crack at another point when the chisel 13 moves from the position of FIG. 3 to that shown in FIG. 4.

The operator then releases the pedal 3b so that the spring 30 contracts and returns the rack 3 to the starting position shown in FIG. 2. The fractured housing of the cassette I5 is then withdrawn from the platform 14 and is opened all the way by hand so that the operator gains access to the reel 15d. Also, the operator detaches the adhesive-coated identifying tab or marker 121 (FIG. I) which is applied to the intermediate part 15c upon receipt of the cassette from the customer and the operator transfers the thus detached tab 121 onto the leading end of exposed but undeveloped film which is convoluted on the core of the reel 15d. The exposed film is then ready for introduction into an automatic developing machine which is not shown in the drawing.

An important advantage of the chisel l3 and wheel 9 is that the chisel cracks the housing of a cassette 15 along the seam 15c and that the wheel 9 thereupon causes the chisel to enlarge the crack in the housing of the cassette, starting from the crack in the seam l5e. This insures that the housing is opened without fragmentizing. Fragments of plastic material which are broken off the housing of a cassette in conventional opening apparatus are likely to damage the film. Another advantage of the just described apparatus is that the reel 15d need not fall out of the opened housing of the cassette 15 so that the operator can transfer the tab 121 onto the reel 15d after the latter is manually removed from the broken housing. It is clear that the apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 6 can be designed for opening of cassettes or magazines which contain motion picture film.

FIG. 3 shows schematically a second pinion 3B which meshes with the rack 3 and is driven by an electric motor 3B. The parts 3B, 3B replace the pedal 3b of FIG. 2. If desired, the apparatus can include a motor and a manually operated member for moving the rack 3.

It will be noted that the chisel 13 moves in a first direction during travel with the carriage 12 into engagement with the seam l5e, and that the chisel thereupon moves in a second direction (with the wheel 9) while its cutting portion remains in engagement with the seam l5e. It is equally within the purview of our invention to move the support 14 with reference to the chisel 13 so as to place the cutting edge of the chisel into engagement with the seam l5e or with another part of the housing of the cassette which is held in predetermined position, and to thereupon move the chisel with reference to the support 14 or vice versa while the cutting edge remains in engagement with the seam. This would merely amount to a simple reversal of functions of the parts 13 and 14.

FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate a second opening apparatus whose frame supports or includes a adjustable support or platform 21. This platform 21 can be provided with rubber legs (not shown) and rests of a work bench or table. It is also possible to secure the platform 21 to a bench, by means of screws or analogous fasteners. Two vertical shafts 22, 23 which are mounted on and extend downwardly beyond the platform 21 serve as pivots for two clamping levers 24, 25 which are installed at the underside of the platform. The levers have pro- 5 jections 24a, 25a which are coupled to each other by a helical contraction spring 26. Two tracking pins or rolls 27, 28 which are respectively provided on the clamping levers 24, 25 extend upwardly through apertures or. cutouts 21a, 21b in the platform 21 and serve to pivot the clamping levers away from each other against the opposition of the spring 26. The levers 24, 25 further comprise upwardly extending. portions 24b, 2512 which extend with clearance through apertures or cutouts 21c, 21d of the platform 21 and carry clamping arms 29, 30 located at a level above the platform. The arms 29, 30 respectively serve to reciprocate horizontal clamping bolts 31, 32 which are respectively guided in stationary bearing sleeves 37, 38. The free ends of the arms 29, 30 engage the respective clamping bolts 31, 32 between pairs of axially spaced diametrically extending pins 33, 34 and 35, 36 which permit limited pivotal movements of arms in response to pivoting of clamping levers 24, 25 on the shafts 22, 23. It will be seen that the arms 29, 30 cooperate with the pins 3334 and 35-36 to convert pivotal movements of levers 24, 25 into reciprocatory movements of clamping bolts 31, 32. The arrangement is such that the inner ends of the bolts 31, 32 penetrate into the bore or hole of the reel 39d in the takeup portion 39b of a housing in a cassette 39 when the latter is properly mounted on the platform 21 in a predetermined position. Such cassette 39 then rests on the platform 21. The bearing sleeves 37, 38 are mounted in a twopiece bearing member 40 which is installed on the platform 21; this bearing member comprises two cheeks of sheet metal or the like. The bearing sleeves 37, 38 further serve as pivots for an actuating lever 41 which is provided with a lifting or pivoting portion 41c (see particularly FIG. 8) normally located at a level below the platform 21 and adapted to move upwardly through an aperture or cutout 21e so that it can engage the supply portion 39a or the intermediate part 390 of the cassette 39. In the apparatus of FIGS. 7 and 8, a counterclockwise pivotal movement of the actuating lever 41 through about 30 from the starting or idle position of FIG. 8 suffices to move the top edge of the portion 41c into engagement with the housing of a properly mounted and clamped cassette 39. The actuating lever 41 further comprises a U-shaped part'having legs 41a, 41b provided with recesses registering with the cutouts 21a, 21b to permit pivotal movements of tracking rolls 27, 28. Furthennore, the legs 41a, 41b are respectively provided with circular openings for the bearing sleeves 37, 38. The distance between the legs 41a, 41bis selected in such a way that the actuating lever 41 (in its idle or starting position) permits insertion of a cassette 39.

The legs 41a, 41b of the actuating lever 41 are further provided or connected with motion transmitting cams 42, 43 which cooperate with follower arms 44 of a two-armed pivotable carriage 45 replacing the carriage 12 of FIGS. 1-6 and serving as a holder for a cassette opening tool or chisel 46. The carriage 45 isU-shaped and is pivotable with reference to the bearing member 40 about a shaft 47. When the carriage 45 is pivoted by cams 42, 43 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 8, the edge of the chisel 46 engages the seam 39:? of the housing of the cassette 39. The position of the shaft 47 is selected in such a way that a line connecting its axis with the edge of the chisel 46 makes with a line connecting the edge of the chisel with the axis of the reel 39d in takeup portion 39b of the cassette an oblique angle, i.e., an angle exceeding 90. This can be readily seen in FIG. 8. The carriage 45 further supports a yieldable shield 50 which is pivotally secured thereto by two coaxial screws 48 and is biased by a helical spring 51 so that it bears against the housing of a properly inserted cassette 39. The shield 50 engages the reel 39d when the housing of the cassette 39 is removed. The spring 51 is connected between the bearing member 40 or another stationary part of the frame and the shield 50.

The operation of the opening apparatus shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is as follows:

A fresh cassette 39 is introduced into the apparatus in such a way that the takeup portion 39b is located at its front end and that the cassette moves in a direction from the right to the left, as viewed in FIG. 7 or 8. During the initial stage of such introduction, the takeup portion 39b engages and moves the tracking rolls 27, 28 away from each other so that the spring 26 expands and the arms 29, 30 move the clamping bolts 31, 32 axially and away from each other. When the intermediate part 39c of the cassette moves into registry with the rolls 27, 28, the spring 26 is free to contract and pivots the arms 29, 30 to move the bolts 31, 32 toward each other whereby the inner ends of the bolts enter the axial bore in the reel'39d in the takeup portion 39b. The housing of the cassette 39 is then properly held and clamped in an optimum position for openmg.

The operator then pivots the actuating lever 41 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 8, so that the lever turns about the common axis of the bearing sleeves 37, 38 and clamping bolts 31, 32. During the initial stage of such pivotal movement of the actuating lever 41, the cams 42, 43 engage the followers 44 and pivot the carriage 45 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 8, whereby the carriage causes the cutting edge of the chisel 46 to penetrate into the seam 39e of the housing. The arrangement is preferably such that the maximum penetration of the chisel 46 is somewhat less than the thickness of the adjoining portion of the housing of the cassette 39; however, such penetration suffices to produce a crack in the seam 39e. The operator continues to pivot the actuating lever 41 in a counterclockwise direction whereby the portion 410 of the actuating lever moves upward through the cutout 21e and engages the underside of the intermediate part 39c at a point which is remote from the common axis of the clamping bolts 31, 32. The supply portion 39a is thereby lifted off the platform 21 and pivots about the edge of the chisel 46. The latter prevents the upper part of the seam 39c from sharing such pivotal movement and causes the crack to propagate itself toward the portion 39a with simultaneous flexing and deformation of the broken-up intermediate part 390. The lower half of the housing of the cassette 39 is stiffer so that the upper half of the intermediate part 390 undergoes much greater deformation and causes the housing to develop a progressively increasing gap between the halves of the broken seam 39e until the width of the gap reaches and exceeds the diameter of the reel 39d in the portion 39b. This normally takes place when the actuating lever 41 is turned through about l20 after its portion 41c engages the intermediate part 390. The innate elasticity of the housing then causes the latter to detach itself from the reel 39d and to be ejected in a direction to the left, as viewed in FIG. 8. The lever 41 is then returned to starting position so that the reel 39d on the clamping bolts 31, 32 is readily accessible. The operator can grip the leader of the film on the reel 39d and can withdraw the film while the reel turns on the clamping bolts 31, 32. The spring 51 urges the shield 50 against the reel 39d on the bolts 31, 32 and the shield performs the additional function of preventing the leading end of the film from moving downwardly along the chisel 46 during removal of paper. Thus, the leading end of the film curls at alevel above the edge of the chisel 46 and cannot be scratched or otherwise damaged. The shield 50 overlies the sharp edge of the chisel 46 and prevents injury to the operator.

When the film is withdrawn from the reel 39d which is held by the bolts 31, 32, the reel can be removed by moving the arms 29, 30 apart so that a fresh cassette 39 can be introduced in the aforedescribed manner. The empty reel 39d which is held by the bolts 31, 32 can be removed or falls out automatically during insertion of a fresh cassette 39, i.e., while the portion 39b of the housing of such fresh cassette engages the tracking rolls 27, 28 and pivots the arms 29, 30 to move the clamping bolts 31, 32 away from each other. A suitable receptacle can be provided to intercept the reel 39d which is released by the clamping bolts 31, 32. Such reel descends through an aperture or cutout 21f of the platform 21. Automatic ejection of the opened housing of a cassette 39 and of the empty reel 39d contributes significantly to a reduction of time which is needed to remove exposed film from successive cassettes. Empty housings which are ejected automatically in response to counterclockwise pivotal movement of the actuating lever 41 can be intercepted so that the identifying tabs 21 can be removed from intermediate parts 390 of empty housings and applied to leading ends of films on reels which are still held by the clamping bolts 31, 32. It is also possible to install on the platform 21 a suitable splicer for automatically or manually uniting successive exposed films to form a long strip which is thereupon transported through a developing machine, not shown. It is equally within the purview of our invention to provide a motor which can pivot the actuating lever 41 to and from starting position. The dimensions of the lever 41 are then preferably reduced. If the means for driving the actuating lever 41 comprises an electric motor, the control panel with pushbuttons for starting the motor in forward or reverse can be installed on or adjacent to the platform 21. The operator then merely depresses the appropriate pushbutton to start the opening of the properly mounted housing of a cassette 39.

The opening apparatus of FIGS. 7 and 8 can be combined with a suitable applicator which can automatically or semiautomatically transfer identifying tabs onto the leading ends of successively removed exposed films. The identifying tabs preferably carry the customer numbers which are used for proper classification of prints and for sorting of such prints in corresponding envelopes for transport back to the customers. Each tab is coatedwith adhesive at one of its sides so that it can properly adhere to the leading end of an exposed film which is convoluted onto the reel 39d of the takeup portion 39b together with the customary paper strip. Since the apparatus of FIGS. 7 and 8 automatically ejects the broken housing of an opened cassette, it is not possible to transfer the identifying tabs directly from the intermediate parts 390 onto the leading ends of corresponding exposed films. Furthermore, it is to be borne in mind that the opening of housings of cassettes 39 takes place in absolute darkness so that it would be difficult to manually apply such tabs to the same portion of each successively freed film. An applicator which can be used to insure that each identifying tab is applied to the same part on the leading end of an exposed film which has been freed upon breaking of the corresponding housing is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10. The exposed film is shown at 52, and this film has the tendency to curl and to form convolutions 52b which are formed around a suitable yokelike retaining member 53. One marginal portion of the film 52 is provided with equidistant perforations 52a the foremost one of which is engaged by a locating post 55 mounted on or integral with a baseplate or support 54 which can form an extension of the platform 21. Upstanding guide pins or locating pins 56, 57 of circular cross section are provided on the support 54 to guide the adjoining edges of the film 52 when the latter is moved in a direction to the left, as viewed in FIG. 9. The operator stands or sits in front of the support 54, Le, below the lower edge of the film 52, as viewed in FIG. 9. The film thus extends between the operator and two bearing members 58, 59 which are mounted on the support 54 and hold the ends of a pintle 60 for a carrier or flap 61. The axis of the pintle 60 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film 52, and the flap 61 has openings for the post 55 and guide pins 56, 57. Furthermore, the flap 61 has a handle 61a by means of which the operator can pivot the flap back and forth about the pintle 60. Still further, the flap 61 has a cutout 61b which is flanked by two edge faces making an angle of 90, and one of these edge faces has a relatively narrow supporting ledge 610 which is parallel to the axis of the pintle 60. The width of the ledge 61c is a small fraction of an inch, for example, 2 millimeters.

The operation:

Before the housing of a fresh cassette 39 is inserted into the opening apparatus of FIGS. 7 and 8, the identifying tab 62 is removed from its intermediate part 390 and is attached to the ledge 610 of the applicator in a manner as shown in FIG. 9. The configuration of the cutout 61b in the flap 61 is such that its mutually inclined edges facilitate the application of tabs 62 in an optimum position for transfer onto the leading ends of corresponding films 52. Such attachment of a tab 62 to the ledge 610 can take place in any desired angular position of the flap 61. When the film 52 is removed from the reel 39d of a freshly opened cassette 39, its convolutions 52b are placed onto the retaining member 53 and the foremost perforation 52a is applied over the post 55 while the flap 61 is held in open or raised position. The pins 56, 57 then properly guide the adjoining edges of the leading end of film 52. The operator thereupon pivots the flap 61 about the axis of the pintle 60 so that the adhesive-coated side of the tab 62 on the ledge 61c moves toward and contacts a predetermined portion of the film 52. In other words, the position of the transferred tab 62 with reference to the foremost perforation 520 can be determined in advance and always with the same degree of accuracy, as long as the operator makes sure that the tab 62 is properly attached to the ledge 61c. FIG. illustrates the flap 61 in a position when the adhesive-coated side of the tab 62 comes in contact with the adjoining portion on the leading end of the film 52.

Since the area of contact between a tab 62 and the ledge 61c is rather small, the tab can be automatically detached from the ledge when the flap 61 is pivoted away from the position shown in FIG. 10. If desired, the operator can apply slight finger pressure against the tab 62 when the latter adheres to the film 52 but before the flap 61 is moved away from the position shown in FIG. 10. Also, the operator can apply finger pressure to the tab after the flap 61 is moved away from the position of FIG. 10 to make sure that each part of the adhesive-coated surface on the tab 62 adheres to adjoining portion of the film 52. Such smoothing of the tab 62 is advisable to make sure that the tab retains its position during transport of the film 52 through winding, fixing, drying, automatic framing and copying stations. Therefore, films 52 which are provided with identifying tabs 62 in the applicator of FIGS. 9 and 10 can be safely treated in programmed developing and other film-processing machines.

It is clear that the applicator of FIGS. 9 and 10 can be used with equal advantage for application of identifying tabs to films removed from cassettes which are opened in conventional opening apparatus, i.e., not necessarily in the apparatus shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. This applicator can also be used in combination with the opening apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 6.

One of the main differences between the opening apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 6 and 7-8 is that, in the apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 6, the cassette 15 remains in predetermined position with reference to the support 14 while the tool 13 moves with the wheel 9 subsequent to penetration of the cutting edge into the housing of the cassette. In the apparatus of FIGS. 7-8, the tool 46 is stationary after its cutting edge penetrates into the housing of the cassette 39, and. the actuating lever 41 thereupon causes the housing of the cassette to move with reference to the tool.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features which fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of our contribution to the art.

What we claim as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.

1. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position; and opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, and actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position, said actuating means comprising a rotary holder reciprocably supporting said tool, means for rotating said holder and means for moving said tool with reference to said holder.

2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 for opening of cassettes whose housings are provided with substantially transversely extending welded seams, wherein said support means is arranged to support cassettes in such position that the seam of a housing in said predetermined position is located in the path of movement of and is cracked by said cutting portion on operation of said actuating means.

3. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the means for moving said tool with reference to said holder comprises a carriage movable diametrically of said holder and eccentric means for moving said carriage.

4!. Apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein the means for rotating said holder comprises a driving member coaxial with and rotatable with reference to said holder, a pin and slot connection between said driving member and said holder, and means for rotating said driving member, said eccentric means being provided on said driving member in such position that said tool is moved against the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position before said holder is rotated by said pin and slot connection in response to rotation of said driving member so that the crack produced by said cutting portion is propagated in the housing in response to rotation of said tool with said holder.

5. Apparatus as'defined in claim 4, wherein the means for rotating said driving member comprises a rack and pinion drive.

6. Apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the means for rotating said driving member comprises an operator-controlled member.

7. Apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the means for rotating said driving member comprises motor means.

8. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said support means comprises a platform.

9. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said support means is provided with a recess nonrotatably accommodating one portion of a cassette in said predetermined position.

10. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position; and opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, and actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position, said actuating means comprising means for effecting a first movement of said tool in a first direction into engagement with the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position so that said cutting portion penetrates into such housing, and for thereupon effecting a second movement of said tool in a second direction so that the cutting portion remains in engagement with and causes the crack to propagate itself in the housing.

11. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position, said support means including clamping means releasably engaging the reel in the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position; and opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, arid actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position.

12. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said actuating means comprises means for moving said cutting portion to an opening position of partial penetration into the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position in which said clamping means holds the respective reel, and for thereupon moving the housing from said predetermined position while said cutting portion remains in said opening position whereby the tool causes the housing to crack starting from the point of partial penetration of said cutting portion.

13. Apparatus as defined in claim 12, wherein said cutting portion is arranged to penetrate into the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position in the region of the reel so that the housing is cracked open in such region to thus expose the reel.

14. Apparatus as defined in claim 13, wherein said move ment of the housing includes an angular movement about the axis of the reel through an oblique angle.

15. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said clamping means comprises a pair of coaxial bolts arranged to extend into an axial hole of the reel in the cassette which is held in said predetermined position, and means for moving at least one of said bolts axially and away from the other bolt to thus release the reel.

16. Apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the means for moving said one bolt comprises at least one tracking member extending into the ath of movement of a cassette which is being moved to sai predetermined position so that the reel of a previously' opened cassette is automatically released in response to placing of a fresh cassette into said predetermined position.

17. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said actuating means comprises an actuating member movable from a starting position and having a portion arranged to turn the housing of a cassette from said predetermined position subsequent to partial penetration of said cutting portion into such housing so that the housing is pivoted with reference to the cutting portion and the crack produced by the cutting portion is propagated in the housing during pivoting.

18. Apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein said actuating means further comprises means for moving the cutting portion into the material of the housing in said predetermined position in response to initial movement of said actuating member from starting position and before said portion of the actuating member begins to pivot the housing from said predetermined position.

19. Apparatus as defined in claim 18, further comprising a pivotable carriage for said tool and cam means provided on said actuating member for pivoting said carriage to thereby move said cutting portion into engagement with the housing in said predetermined position during said initial stage of movement of said actuating member from starting position.

20. Apparatus as defined in claim 19, wherein said actuating member is a lever pivotable about an axis which is parallel to the axis of said carriage, the lines connecting said cutting portion with the axes of said lever and said carriage making an angle of at least 21. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position; opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, and actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position; and yieldable shield means overlying the cutting portion of said tool.

22. Apparatus as defined in claim 21, wherein said shield means is pivotably mounted on said support means and further comprising resilient means biasing said shield means against the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position. 

1. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position; and opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, and actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position, said actuating means comprising a rotary holder reciprocably supporting said tool, means for rotating said holder and means for moving said tool with reference to said holder.
 2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 for opening of cassettes whose housings are provided with substantially transversely extending welded seams, wherein said support means is arranged to support cassettes in such position that the seam of a housing in said predetermined position is located in the path of movement of and is cracked by said cutting portion on operation of said actuating means.
 3. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the means for moving said tool with reference to said holder comprises a carriage movable diametrically of said holder and eccentric means for moving said carriage.
 4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein the means for rotating said holder comprises a driving member coaxial with and rotatable with reference to said holder, a pin and slot connection between said driving member and said holder, and means for rotating said driving member, said eccentric means being provided on said driving member in such position that said tool is moved against the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position before said holder is rotated by said pin and slot connection in response to rotation of said driving member so that the crack produced by said cutting portion is propagated in the housing in response to rotation of said tooL with said holder.
 5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the means for rotating said driving member comprises a rack and pinion drive.
 6. Apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the means for rotating said driving member comprises an operator-controlled member.
 7. Apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the means for rotating said driving member comprises motor means.
 8. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said support means comprises a platform.
 9. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said support means is provided with a recess nonrotatably accommodating one portion of a cassette in said predetermined position.
 10. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position; and opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, and actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position, said actuating means comprising means for effecting a first movement of said tool in a first direction into engagement with the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position so that said cutting portion penetrates into such housing, and for thereupon effecting a second movement of said tool in a second direction so that the cutting portion remains in engagement with and causes the crack to propagate itself in the housing.
 11. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position, said support means including clamping means releasably engaging the reel in the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position; and opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, and actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position.
 12. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said actuating means comprises means for moving said cutting portion to an opening position of partial penetration into the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position in which said clamping means holds the respective reel, and for thereupon moving the housing from said predetermined position while said cutting portion remains in said opening position whereby the tool causes the housing to crack starting from the point of partial penetration of said cutting portion.
 13. Apparatus as defined in claim 12, wherein said cutting portion is arranged to penetrate into the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position in the region of the reel so that the housing is cracked open in such region to thus expose the reel.
 14. Apparatus as defined in claim 13, wherein said movement of the housing includes an angular movement about the axis of the reel through an oblique angle.
 15. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said clamping means comprises a pair of coaxial bolts arranged to extend into an axial hole of the reel in the cassette which is held in said predetermined position, and means for moving at least one of said bolts axially and away from the other bolt to thus release the reel.
 16. Apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the means for moving said one bolt comprises at least one tracking member extending into the path of movement of a cassette which is being moved to said predetermined positioN so that the reel of a previously opened cassette is automatically released in response to placing of a fresh cassette into said predetermined position.
 17. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said actuating means comprises an actuating member movable from a starting position and having a portion arranged to turn the housing of a cassette from said predetermined position subsequent to partial penetration of said cutting portion into such housing so that the housing is pivoted with reference to the cutting portion and the crack produced by the cutting portion is propagated in the housing during pivoting.
 18. Apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein said actuating means further comprises means for moving the cutting portion into the material of the housing in said predetermined position in response to initial movement of said actuating member from starting position and before said portion of the actuating member begins to pivot the housing from said predetermined position.
 19. Apparatus as defined in claim 18, further comprising a pivotable carriage for said tool and cam means provided on said actuating member for pivoting said carriage to thereby move said cutting portion into engagement with the housing in said predetermined position during said initial stage of movement of said actuating member from starting position.
 20. Apparatus as defined in claim 19, wherein said actuating member is a lever pivotable about an axis which is parallel to the axis of said carriage, the lines connecting said cutting portion with the axes of said lever and said carriage making an angle of at least 90*.
 21. Apparatus for opening film cassettes, particularly for opening cassettes of the type having a plastic housing including takeup and supply portions connected by an intermediate part and wherein one of said portions contains a reel with convoluted film, comprising support means for supporting the housing of a cassette in a predetermined position; opening means comprising a movable tool having a cutting portion, and actuating means operative to effect movement between the tool and said support means so that the cutting portion penetrates into and produces at least a crack in the housing which is held in said predetermined position; and yieldable shield means overlying the cutting portion of said tool.
 22. Apparatus as defined in claim 21, wherein said shield means is pivotably mounted on said support means and further comprising resilient means biasing said shield means against the housing of a cassette in said predetermined position. 